Apr 13, 2023 · When codeine is used to reduce coughing, it works by decreasing the activity in the part of the brain that causes coughing. Codeine is also available in combination with acetaminophen (Capital and Codeine, Tylenol with Codeine), aspirin, carisoprodol, and promethazine and as an ingredient in many cough and cold medications. Uses for Phenergan w/Codeine. Promethazine and codeine combination is used to relieve cough, runny or stuffy nose, sneezing, or other symptoms caused by allergies or the common cold. Promethazine is an antihistamine. It works by preventing the effects of a substance called histamine, which is produced by the body.Codeine and promethazine es una medicina combinada se usa para el tratamiento de los síntomas del resfrío o alergias como nariz mocosa, estornudos, y tos. Codeine and promethazine contiene una medicina opioide (narcótico) para la tos, y puede crear hábito. . Codeine and promethazine puede también usarse para fines no... For all patients taking this drug: This drug has an opioid drug in it. Opioid drugs can put you at risk for addiction, abuse, and misuse. Misuse or abuse of this drug can lead to overdose and death. If you have questions, talk with your doctor. This drug may cause very bad and sometimes deadly breathing problems.Oct 24, 2016 · Houston’s relationship with “lean,” or codeine-promethazine, goes back to at least the 1960s, when blues musicians would mix Robitussin with alcohol. These musicians lived in the same ... Tylenol #3 is used to relieve pain that isn't well-controlled with over-the-counter (OTC) medication. It is a narcotic- analgesic combination. The term narcotic refers to opiates and opioids. Opiates are drugs made from opium, such as morphine. Opioids are drugs like codeine, which have opiate-like effects.Sep 14, 2018 · Codeine is a prescription opioid, which is used as a pain reliever, and promethazine is an antihistamine. Both drugs have sedative effects and can produce feelings of drowsiness, mild euphoria and ... Promethazine is an antihistamine. It works by preventing the effects of a substance called histamine, which is produced by the body. Histamine can cause itching, sneezing, runny nose, and watery eyes. It can sometimes close up the bronchial tubes (air passages of the lungs) and make breathing difficult. Codeine belongs to the group of medicine ...Codeine is used to relieve mild to moderate pain. It belongs to the group of medicines called narcotic analgesics (pain medicines). This medicine acts on the central nervous system (CNS) to relieve pain. When codeine is used for a long time, it may become habit-forming, causing mental or physical dependence. However, people who have continuing ...Promethazine is an antihistamine that relieves watery eyes, itchy eyes /nose/throat, runny nose, and sneezing. Codeine is an opioid cough suppressant ( antitussive) that affects a certain part...Jul 20, 2021 · Codeine is a drug in some prescription pain medicines. It is in the class of drugs known as opioids, which refers to any synthetic, semisynthetic, or natural drug that has morphine-like properties. Codeine overdose occurs when someone takes more than the normal or recommended amount of this medicine. This can be by accident or on purpose. This ... Lean, also known as purple drank, purp, sizzurp, syrup, wock or oil, and several other names, is a recreational drug beverage, prepared by mixing prescription strength cough or cold syrup containing codeine and promethazine with a soft drink. The beverage originated in Houston and is popular in hip hop culture, especially within the Southern ... Promethazine HCl and Codeine Phosphate Oral Solution exposes patients and other users to the risks of opioid addiction, abuse, and misuse, which can lead to overdose and death. Reserve Promethazine HCl and Codeine Phosphate Oral Solution for use in adult patients for whom the benefits of cough suppression are expected to outweigh the risks, and ...Promethazine is an antihistamine. It works by preventing the effects of a substance called histamine, which is produced by the body. Histamine can cause itching, sneezing, runny nose, and watery eyes. It can sometimes close up the bronchial tubes (air passages of the lungs) and make breathing difficult. Codeine belongs to the group of medicine ...after a dosage increase. if you are older. if you have an existing lung problem. The side effects of codeine are similar to those of other opioids, and include: constipation. headache or dizziness. fatigue or drowsiness (especially soon after a dose) loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting. Always take medicines exactly as prescribed your doctor. Promethazine HCl and Codeine Phosphate Oral Solution in adolescents 12 to 18 years of age who have other risk factors that may increase their sensitivity to the respiratory depressant effects of codeine. Promethazine and Respiratory Depression in Children Postmarketing cases of respiratory depression, including fatalities have been reported with Aug 1, 2023 · Codeine is used to relieve mild to moderate pain. It belongs to the group of medicines called narcotic analgesics (pain medicines). This medicine acts on the central nervous system (CNS) to relieve pain. When codeine is used for a long time, it may become habit-forming, causing mental or physical dependence. However, people who have continuing ... Oxycodone (OxyContin, Roxicodone, Oxaydo, Xtampza ER) and codeine are both narcotic pain relievers. Both are also used as cough suppressants similar to morphine and hydrocodone. Both are potentially addictive and cause withdrawal symptoms. Similar side effects of oxycodone and codeine include lightheadedness, dizziness, sedation, nausea, vomiting, constipation, dry mouth, itching, and rash.Uses for Phenergan w/Codeine. Promethazine and codeine combination is used to relieve cough, runny or stuffy nose, sneezing, or other symptoms caused by allergies or the common cold. Promethazine is an antihistamine. It works by preventing the effects of a substance called histamine, which is produced by the body.A total of 486 drugs are known to interact with codeine / guaifenesin : 122 major drug interactions (477 brand and generic names) 361 moderate drug interactions (1496 brand and generic names) 3 minor drug interactions (7 brand and generic names) A total of 748 drugs are known to interact with codeine / promethazine : 181 major drug interactions ...Promethazine is a prescription cold medication used to treat various conditions, including nausea and vomiting. Codeine is a naturally occurring opiate that relieves pain. They are combined in promethazine-codeine cough syrup, a prescription medication used to alleviate symptoms of allergies or the common cold.The benefits of taking Promethazine VC/Codeine (promethazine, phenylephrine, and codeine) for a cough due to allergies, a cold, or other infection do not outweigh the risks in children. If your child has been given Promethazine VC/Codeine (promethazine, phenylephrine, and codeine) or if you have any questions, talk with your child's doctor.Codeine is a drug in some prescription pain medicines. It is in the class of drugs known as opioids, which refers to any synthetic, semisynthetic, or natural drug that has morphine-like properties. Codeine overdose occurs when someone takes more than the normal or recommended amount of this medicine. This can be by accident or on purpose. This ...Promethazine 6.25 mg/ Codeine 10 mg per 5 mL: Average effective dose: 5 mL orally every 4 to 6 hours as needed. Maximum dose: 30 mL (promethazine 37.5 mg; codeine: 60 mg) in 24 hours. Comments: Liquid preparations should be measured with an accurate milliliter measuring device. Uses: Temporary relief of coughs and upper respiratory symptoms ...In the early 1990s, several studies reported the misuse of codeine and promethazine hydrochloride cough syrup. Since then, the combination of this pharmaceutical, together with sprite or alcohol, known on the streets as "purple drank" or "lean", has become a popular drug among rap singers who promot … Sep 20, 2012 · Codeine is used to relieve mild to moderately severe pain, and it belongs to the drug class of opioid analgesics. Codeine has also been prescribed to prevent coughing, though the antitussive administration is most often in liquid formulations and in conjunction with other medications. ( 1, 2) The hepatic CYP2D6 enzyme metabolizes a quarter of ... Feb 6, 2023 · Phenergan is also found in combination with other medications such as phenylephrine (Prometh Hydrochloride), codeine (Prometh VC), or dextromethorphan (Promethazine DM) What is Phenergan? Phenergan belongs to a group of drugs called phenothiazines. It works by changing the actions of chemicals in your brain. Promethazine also acts as an ... Promethazine is an antihistamine that relieves watery eyes, itchy eyes /nose/throat, runny nose, and sneezing. Codeine is an opioid cough suppressant ( antitussive) that affects a certain part... Codeine and morphine were detected in the milk of both subjects with peak codeine levels in milk occurring 1 hour after the dose. The peak codeine milk level was 455 mcg/L in the first subject and about 450 to 550 mcg/L in the second. The half-life of codeine in breastmilk was 2.5 hours. Morphine milk levels were 16 mcg/L and 9 mcg/L 1 hour ...Jul 20, 2021 · Codeine is a drug in some prescription pain medicines. It is in the class of drugs known as opioids, which refers to any synthetic, semisynthetic, or natural drug that has morphine-like properties. Codeine overdose occurs when someone takes more than the normal or recommended amount of this medicine. This can be by accident or on purpose. This ... Jan 19, 2022 · Promethazine with Codeine Oral Solution is a combination of codeine, an opioid agonist; and promethazine, a phenothiazine, indicated for the temporary relief of cough and upper respiratory symptoms associated with allergy or the common cold in patients 18 years of age and older. Lean, also known as purple drank, purp, sizzurp, syrup, wock or oil, and several other names, is a recreational drug beverage, prepared by mixing prescription strength cough or cold syrup containing codeine and promethazine with a soft drink. The beverage originated in Houston and is popular in hip hop culture, especially within the Southern ...Oct 26, 2021 · The codeine in Promethazine VC with Codeine can cause newborns to experience withdrawal syndrome, which is life-threatening for infants. Withdrawal syndrome is a condition that develops when Promethazine VC with Codeine crosses through the placenta and causes the unborn baby to become dependent on the medication. Combining opioids and promethazine can cause too much drowsiness. And it could also slow your breathing to a dangerous level. If you need to take them together, your healthcare provider may lower the dosage of your pain medication. You may be surprised that promethazine is available in combination with codeine (an opioid).Codeine belongs to the group of medicines called narcotic analgesics (pain medicines). It acts on the central nervous system (CNS) to relieve pain. Phenylephrine is a decongestant. It works by narrowing the blood vessels and leads to the clearing of nasal congestion. Promethazine is an antihistamine.A total of 486 drugs are known to interact with codeine / guaifenesin : 122 major drug interactions (477 brand and generic names) 361 moderate drug interactions (1496 brand and generic names) 3 minor drug interactions (7 brand and generic names) A total of 748 drugs are known to interact with codeine / promethazine : 181 major drug interactions ...NHS medicines information on codeine – what it's used for, side effects, dosage and who can take it. Each 5 mL (one teaspoonful), for oral administration contains: Promethazine hydrochloride 6.25 mg; codeine phosphate 10 mg. Alcohol 7%. Inactive Ingredients: Ascorbic acid, citric acid, FD&C ... Codeine: Narcotic analgesics, including codeine, exert their primary effects on the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. The analgesic ...Adults and children 12 years of age and older—5 milliliters (mL) (1 teaspoonful) every 4 to 6 hours. Do not take more than 30 mL in 24 hours. Children 6 to 11 years of age—2.5 to 5 mL (0.5 to 1 teaspoonful) every 4 to 6 hours. Do not take more than 30 mL in 24 hours. Children younger than 6 years of age—Use is not recommended. Missed DoseApr 26, 2023 · codeine. Used for Pain. Codeine is an opioid pain medication that's taken by mouth and used to treat mild-to-moderate pain. Common side effects of codeine include constipation, itching, sleepiness, and dizziness. It's typically not a first-choice pain medication because it can lead to more serious harm, such as slowed breathing and addiction. Find patient medical information for acetaminophen-codeine oral on WebMD including its uses, side effects and safety, interactions, pictures, warnings and user ratings.Jan 27, 2023 · Promethazine VC with Codeine Oral Solution is a combination of codeine, an opioid agonist; promethazine, a phenothiazine; and phenylephrine, an alpha-1 adrenergic receptor agonist, indicated for the temporary relief of cough and upper respiratory symptoms, including nasal congestion, associated with allergy or the common cold in patients 18 years of age and older. For all patients taking this drug: This drug has an opioid drug in it. Opioid drugs can put you at risk for addiction, abuse, and misuse. Misuse or abuse of this drug can lead to overdose and death. If you have questions, talk with your doctor. This drug may cause very bad and sometimes deadly breathing problems.Aug 6, 2023 · Hycofenix, Rezira (hydrocodone, pseudoephedrine, guaifenesin) Tussionex, Pennkinetic, Vituz (hydrocodone, chlorpheniramine, pseudoephedrine) Generic combinations of hydrocodone and homatropine. Giving prescription cough medicines to kids or teens is dangerous. They can slow their breathing to dangerous levels and can even be fatal. Acetaminophen/codeine oral solution. Each 5 mL of acetaminophen/codeine solution contains 12 mg of codeine and 120 mg of acetaminophen. The typical dose is 15 mL by mouth every 4 hours as needed. Do not take more than 3,000 mg to 4,000 mg of acetaminophen within a 24-hour period.5.1 Addiction, Abuse, and Misuse. Promethazine with Codeine Oral Solution contains codeine, a Schedule V controlled substance. As an opioid, Promethazine with Codeine Oral Solution exposes users to the risks of addiction, abuse, and misuse [see DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE (9)], which can lead to overdose and death [seeOVERDOSAGE (10)].Oxycodone (OxyContin, Roxicodone, Oxaydo, Xtampza ER) and codeine are both narcotic pain relievers. Both are also used as cough suppressants similar to morphine and hydrocodone. Both are potentially addictive and cause withdrawal symptoms. Similar side effects of oxycodone and codeine include lightheadedness, dizziness, sedation, nausea, vomiting, constipation, dry mouth, itching, and rash.Generic Name (S): codeine sulfate. Codeine has a risk for abuse and addiction, which can lead to overdose and death. Codeine may also cause severe, possibly fatal, breathing problems. To lower ...Codeine cough suppressants like promethazine/codeine should only be an option for short-term use — and only in adults. This type of cough syrup is available by prescription. However, it is a controlled substance and habit-forming. Best cough medicine for kidsSchedule 5 (V) Drugs. The drug has a low potential for abuse relative to the drugs in schedule 4. The drug has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States. Promethazine is an antihistamine. It works by preventing the effects of a substance called histamine, which is produced by the body. Histamine can cause itching, sneezing, runny nose, and watery eyes. It can sometimes close up the bronchial tubes (air passages of the lungs) and make breathing difficult. Codeine belongs to the group of medicine ...Physical effects. Codeine taken at high doses could produce the following effects that can last 3-5 hours: drowsiness. headaches. slowed breathing. nausea and vomiting. smaller (constricted) pupils. feeling heavy in the arms and legs. severe itching or warm/hot sensation on the skin.cough. darkened urine. darkening of the skin. diarrhea. difficult or trouble breathing. difficulty swallowing. dizziness. dizziness, faintness, or lightheadedness when getting up suddenly from a lying or sitting position. fainting.Independently, Codeine and Promethazine are both depressants that largely affect the nervous system, and when they’re combined, the result is intense and euphoric sedation. In larger quantities, lean has been found to induce hallucinations and lucid dreams or nightmares; some artists have claimed it to assist in their creative process.Codeine is a drug in some prescription pain medicines. It is in the class of drugs known as opioids, which refers to any synthetic, semisynthetic, or natural drug that has morphine-like properties. Codeine overdose occurs when someone takes more than the normal or recommended amount of this medicine. This can be by accident or on purpose. Phenergan with Codeine (promethazine and codeine) is a combination of an antihistamine, sedative, anti-nausea drug, cough suppressant, pain reliever, and cough suppressant used to treat common cold symptoms and cough. Common side effects of Phenergan with Codeine include dizziness, restlessness, inability to sleep, palpitations, and changes in muscle tone and more. Withdrawal symptoms may ...Generic name: codeine / promethazine systemic Drug class: upper respiratory combinations. For consumers: dosage, interactions, side effects. For professionals: Prescribing Information. Expand current row for information about Hycodan Hycodan: 8.5Promethazine Hydrochloride and Codeine Phosphate Syrup is a prescription medicine used to temporarily treat cough and upper respiratory symptoms that you can have with allergies or a common cold. Promethazine Hydrochloride and Codeine Phosphate Syrup contains 2 medicines, promethazine and codeine. Promethazine is an antihistamine. Lean is a very sweet drink that blends soda with cough syrup containing codeine. Some formulas also add candy or sweetening syrup. Users may also mix in promethazine, which is an antihistamine ...Hycofenix, Rezira (hydrocodone, pseudoephedrine, guaifenesin) Tussionex, Pennkinetic, Vituz (hydrocodone, chlorpheniramine, pseudoephedrine) Generic combinations of hydrocodone and homatropine. Giving prescription cough medicines to kids or teens is dangerous. They can slow their breathing to dangerous levels and can even be fatal.Avoid sunlamps and tanning beds. This medicine may cause dryness of the mouth. For temporary relief, use sugarless candy or gum, melt bits of ice in your mouth, or use a saliva substitute. However, if your mouth continues to feel dry for more than 2 weeks, check with your medical doctor or dentist.Using promethazine, phenylephrine, and codeine for a long time during pregnancy may lead to withdrawal in the newborn baby. This can be life-threatening. Talk with the doctor. How is this medicine (Promethazine, Phenylephrine, and Codeine) best taken? Use promethazine, phenylephrine, and codeine as ordered by your doctor.What is Codeine Phosphate-Promethazine HCl? Codeine Phosphate-Promethazine HCl is a combination medicine used to treat cold or allergy symptoms such as runny nose, sneezing, and cough. Codeine Phosphate-Promethazine HCl contains an opioid (narcotic) cough medicine, and may be habit-forming. Codeine Phosphate-Promethazine HCl may also be used ...Aug 15, 2018 · 5.1 Addiction, Abuse, and Misuse. Promethazine with Codeine Oral Solution contains codeine, a Schedule V controlled substance. As an opioid, Promethazine with Codeine Oral Solution exposes users to the risks of addiction, abuse, and misuse [see DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE (9)], which can lead to overdose and death [seeOVERDOSAGE (10)]. Codeine is a medication used in the management and treatment of chronic pain. It is in the opioid class of medications. This activity outlines the indications, action, and contraindications for codeine as a valuable agent in treating chronic pain and off-label use in cough, persistent diarrhea, and restless leg syndrome. In addition, this activity will highlight the mechanism of action ...Aug 1, 2023 · Promethazine is an antihistamine. It works by preventing the effects of a substance called histamine, which is produced by the body. Histamine can cause itching, sneezing, runny nose, and watery eyes. It can sometimes close up the bronchial tubes (air passages of the lungs) and make breathing difficult. Codeine belongs to the group of medicine ... Anecdotal promethazine misuse/abuse reports have been confirmed by European Monitoring Agency data. Promethazine misuse/abuse appears to be an alarming issue, being associated with drug-related fatalities. Thus, healthcare professionals should be warned about a possible misuse of promethazine and be …Schedule 5 (V) Drugs. The drug has a low potential for abuse relative to the drugs in schedule 4. The drug has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States. Jun 23, 2020 · Long-term use of opioid medication may affect fertility (ability to have children) in men or women. It is not known whether opioid effects on fertility are permanent. Common side effects include ... Oct 24, 2016 · Houston’s relationship with “lean,” or codeine-promethazine, goes back to at least the 1960s, when blues musicians would mix Robitussin with alcohol. These musicians lived in the same ... Independently, Codeine and Promethazine are both depressants that largely affect the nervous system, and when they’re combined, the result is intense and euphoric sedation. In larger quantities, lean has been found to induce hallucinations and lucid dreams or nightmares; some artists have claimed it to assist in their creative process.Oct 26, 2021 · The codeine in Promethazine VC with Codeine can cause newborns to experience withdrawal syndrome, which is life-threatening for infants. Withdrawal syndrome is a condition that develops when Promethazine VC with Codeine crosses through the placenta and causes the unborn baby to become dependent on the medication. Codeine Information. Codeine is an opioid pain reliever used to treat mild to moderately severe pain. It is also used, usually in combination with other medications, to reduce coughing. Codeine is ...cough. darkened urine. darkening of the skin. diarrhea. difficult or trouble breathing. difficulty swallowing. dizziness. dizziness, faintness, or lightheadedness when getting up suddenly from a lying or sitting position. fainting.Jun 23, 2020 · Long-term use of opioid medication may affect fertility (ability to have children) in men or women. It is not known whether opioid effects on fertility are permanent. Common side effects include ... Sep 14, 2018 · Codeine is a prescription opioid, which is used as a pain reliever, and promethazine is an antihistamine. Both drugs have sedative effects and can produce feelings of drowsiness, mild euphoria and ... Oct 10, 2022 · Initial dose: 15 to 60 mg orally up to every 4 hours as needed. Maximum dose: 360 mg in 24 hours. Comments: Initial doses should be individualized taking into account severity of pain, response, prior analgesic treatment experience, and risk factors for addiction, abuse, and misuse. Doses higher than 60 mg have not been shown to improve pain ... ozanimod. ozanimod and codeine both increase sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Because the active metabolite of ozanimod inhibits MAO-B in vitro, there is a potential for serious adverse reactions, including hypertensive crisis. Codeine / Promethazine HCl 10 mg - 6.25 mg / 5 mL Syrup Bottle 16 oz. CV Akorn 50383080416. Call Us. Medical professionals, medical facility employees 855.571.2100. Need help with SupplyManager?
Promethazine Codeine is a combination medicine used to treat allergy symptoms such as runny nose, sneezing, and cough. Promethazine with Codeine contains an opioid (narcotic) cough medicine, and may be habit-forming. Promethazine with Codeine may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide. Promethazine with Codeine side effects. Jeeps for sale near me under dollar5000
Generic Name (S): codeine sulfate. Codeine has a risk for abuse and addiction, which can lead to overdose and death. Codeine may also cause severe, possibly fatal, breathing problems. To lower ...Common codeine side effects include: feeling dizzy or drowsy; nausea, vomiting, stomach pain; constipation; sweating; or. mild itching or rash. This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.Generic Name (S): codeine-guaifenesin. Warnings: This medication has a risk for abuse and addiction, which can lead to overdose and death. This medication may also cause severe, possibly fatal ...Feb 13, 2023 · Codeine is a medication used in the management and treatment of chronic pain. It is in the opioid class of medications. This activity outlines the indications, action, and contraindications for codeine as a valuable agent in treating chronic pain and off-label use in cough, persistent diarrhea, and restless leg syndrome. In addition, this activity will highlight the mechanism of action ... Apr 15, 2023 · Codeine and morphine were detected in the milk of both subjects with peak codeine levels in milk occurring 1 hour after the dose. The peak codeine milk level was 455 mcg/L in the first subject and about 450 to 550 mcg/L in the second. The half-life of codeine in breastmilk was 2.5 hours. Morphine milk levels were 16 mcg/L and 9 mcg/L 1 hour ... PROMETHAZINE; CODEINE (proe METH a zeen; KOE deen) treats the symptoms of the common cold, allergies, or flu. It works by reducing cough, a runny or stuffy nose, and red, itchy eyes. It is a combination of an antihistamine and an opioid cough suppressant. This medicine may be used for other purposes; ask your health care provider or pharmacist ...Promethazine with Codeine Oral Solution is a combination of codeine, an opioid agonist; and promethazine, a phenothiazine, indicated for the temporary relief of cough and upper respiratory symptoms associated with allergy or the common cold in patients 18 years of age and older.Jun 23, 2020 · Long-term use of opioid medication may affect fertility (ability to have children) in men or women. It is not known whether opioid effects on fertility are permanent. Common side effects include ... Lean, also known as purple drank, purp, sizzurp, syrup, wock or oil, and several other names, is a recreational drug beverage, prepared by mixing prescription strength cough or cold syrup containing codeine and promethazine with a soft drink. The beverage originated in Houston and is popular in hip hop culture, especially within the Southern ... Aug 1, 2023 · cough. darkened urine. darkening of the skin. diarrhea. difficult or trouble breathing. difficulty swallowing. dizziness. dizziness, faintness, or lightheadedness when getting up suddenly from a lying or sitting position. fainting. May 2, 2014 · Promethazine with codeine syrup is indicated for the temporary relief of coughs and upper respiratory tract symptoms related to allergies or the common cold. What is promethazine used for? Promethazine is an antihistamine, similar to products available over-the-counter like Benadryl, Claritin, Zyrtec, and Allegra. Antihistamines are typically ... Generic name: codeine / promethazine systemic Drug class: upper respiratory combinations. For consumers: dosage, interactions, side effects. For professionals: Prescribing Information. Expand current row for information about Hycodan Hycodan: 8.5 Codeine Dosage and Administration General Managing Opiate Therapy for Acute Pain. Optimize concomitant use of other appropriate therapies. When opiate analgesia required, use conventional (immediate-release) opiates in smallest effective dosage and for shortest possible duration, since long-term opiate use often begins with treatment of acute pain..